Emerson - the transparent eyeball.
A history of pantheism and scientific pantheism by Paul Harrison.
I am nothing! I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or parcel of God.
Born in 1803, Emerson began his working life as a Unitarian preacher. Early widowhood plunged him into an exploration of alternative spiritual faiths, and he resigned his ministry in 1832. After visiting the Romantic writers in England, he returned to a career of public lecturing, essay-writing and poetry. His essays are among the most brilliantly lucid, flowing and alive in the English language.
Emerson had an ambivalent viewpoint towards nature. He had a powerful and passionate delight in real concrete natural things: woods and sunsets and warm days and melons. Emotionally and practically, his position appears to be one of pantheistic nature-worship.
But he was also a Platonist: he believed that the outward world was only appearance or dream, and had no real substance. It was the manifestation of the spiritual world, the solidified thoughts of God.
Emerson's `proofs' of this were, frankly, risible. Look at the world through your legs, he said, and it seems upside down; ride in a coach, and passers-by look like a fleeting puppet show. It follows - according to Emerson - that the world is an unstable spectacle, while the mind alone is stable. It did not occur to him that things were the other way round: perception and the human mind were more unstable than the real world.
The texts below are from Nature (1836).
Selected passages.
Stonecrop on limestone, Kerry, Ireland. Photo ©Paul Harrison 1993
Direct revelation.
The foregoing generations beheld God face to face; we, through their eyes. Why should not we also enjoy an original relation to the universe? Why should not we have &ellips; a religion by revelation to us, and not the history of theirs? Embosomed for a season in nature, whose floods of life stream around and through us, and invite us by the powers they supply, to action proportioned to nature, why should we grope among the dry bones of the past? [Nature]
The perpetual presence of the sublime
One might think the atmosphere was made transparent with this design, to give man, in the heavenly bodies, the perpetual presence of the sublime… If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; and preserve for many generations the remembrance of the City of God which had been shown! . . But all natural objects make a kindred impression, when the mind is open to their influence. [Nature, 1836].
In the presence of nature a wild delight runs through the man, in spite of real sorrows. Nature says, - he is my creature, and maugre all his impertinent griefs, he shall be glad with me. [Nature, 1836].
The currents of the Universal Being.
In the woods, we return to reason and faith. There I feel that nothing can befall me in life - no disgrace, no calamity (leaving me my eyes), which nature cannot repair. Standing on the bare ground - my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space - all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball; I am nothing! I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or parcel of God. [Nature, 1836].
Unity of All.
A leaf, a drop, a crystal, a moment of time is related to the whole, and partakes of the perfection of the whole. Each particle is a microcosm, and faithfully renders the likeness of the world… . So intimate is this Unity, that, it is easily seen, it lies under the undermost garment of nature, and betrays its source in the Universal Spirit… It is like a great circle on a sphere, comprising all possible circles; which, however, may be drawn, and comprise it, in like manner. [Nature, 1836].
Ideas in the mind of God.
There seems to be a necessity in spirit to manifest itself in material forms; and day and night, river and storm, beast and bird, acid and alkali, pre-exist in necessary Ideas in the mind of God … The visible creation is the terminus or the circumference of the invisible world.
Intellectual science has been observed to beget invariably a double of the existence of matter… It fastens the attention upon immortal necessary uncreated natures, that is, upon Ideas; and in their presence, we fell that the outward circumstance is a dream and a shade.
Nature . . always speaks of Spirit. It suggests the absolute. It is a perpetual effect. It is a great shadow always pointing to the sun behind us… The noblest ministry of nature is to stand as the apparition of God. It is the organ through which the universal spirit speaks to the individual and strives to lead back the individual to it… Idealism saith; matter is a phenomenon, not a substance.
At home with Emerson's pantheistic views? Consider scientific pantheism!
SCIENTIFIC PANTHEISM reveres the universe as the
only real divinity, and nature as a sacred temple. It fuses religion and science, and
concern for humans with concern for the earth. It provides the most solid basis for
environmental ethics.It is a religion that requires no faith and no revelation,
only open eyes and a mind open to evidence, It has no guru other than your own self.
Find out more
Top.
 Elements of Pantheism,
An overview of pantheist history, theory and practice in print. Includes almanac and
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© Paul Harrison 1996.
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